Field dependencefield dependence, cognitive style, gender, career choice, geft, ambiverts, science and arts. European american students as a whole how are field independent learners characterized. Cognitive style field dependence independence interaction interpersonal competence national institute of mental health personality abstract. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Field dependenceindependence was the earliest studied area in the study of cognitive styles. This is the domain of field dependencefield independence. Field dependenceindependence cognitive style and academic. Cox educational testing service the concepts and methods derived from work on cognitive styles over the past twoandahalf decades are being applied at an ever increasing rate to research on problems of. The relationship between field dependentindependent cognitive style and understanding of english text reading and academic success ali yazdanpanah nozari 1 and hasan siamian 2 1 faculty of health, mazandaran university of medical sciences, sari, mazandaran, iran. All other statements indicate field dependent preference. They often use a formal lecture approach, followed by an explanation of the tasks. The literature from four areas of interest to educators, in which the implications of the field dependent and field independent cognitive styles have been examined, are. The relationship between field dependentindependent. However, no significant difference was found between fielddependent and fieldindependent learners in metacognitive strategy use. Field dependence and independence in english as a second language esl.
A total of 124 first, second and third graders in a southern rural school were administered 8 typical piagetian conservation tasks pct, childrens embedded figures test ceft, comprehensive test of basic skills ctbs and first grade. The effects of field dependentfield independent cognitive. This is one of the rare learning styles instruments that has been reasonably well validated. Field independentdependent learning styles and l2 acquisition. It has been proposed that field independent and field dependent learners differ more in the processes they use than in the effectiveness of their learning or retention. There was a significant relationship between field dependence field independence cognitive style and gender. The role of input flooding via extensive reading in. People with a field dependent or field independent cognitive style are different in their interpersonal behavior in ways predicted from the. Two hundred thirtyeight undergraduate students of virginia tech participated the study, and 219 sets of valid data were used for the statistical analyses.
In the case of field independent learners, learners adopt a divergent approach by reading through the entire article or passage before breaking into smaller parts of the article or passage. It was concluded that the cognitive style of field dependent and field independent may be the source of difference in the way learners use language learning strategies. Research on cognitive styles, particularly field dependence independence has implications for understanding how students learn. Field independent persons, on the other hand, tend to work better alone and to prefer highly analytic studies like math and science. Standard picklist fields can be controlling fields but not dependent fields. Mar 05, 2018 field independent people were generally more differentiated, but differentiation was a broader concept than field dependency. Rightbrain they can easily separate important from a complex or confusing background. Field dependent people are better at learning social material and learning it in a social way.
In contrast, field independent people are keen observers with an eye for. This paper develops a framework for understanding the relationships between approaches to learning adopted by students in the context of higher education and the concept of field dependence field independence. Chen and xiaohui liu department of information systems, mathematics and. Such findings provoked interest in the possible repercussions of field dependence independence for education. Field dependent persons tend to work better in groups, it seems, and to prefer openended fields of study like literature and history. Field dependent learners often work well in teams as they tend to be better at interpersonal relationships. Field dependence independence was the earliest studied area in the study of cognitive styles. The provision of feedback is both a motivating and guiding strategy for the way in which subjects perform. Field independentdependent learning styles and l2 acquisition by robert wyss learning styles imagine you have just arrived in a foreign country whose language you neither speak nor read. In contrast, field independent people are keen observers with an eye for details, ignoring the background in which the details develop. The general objective of this study was to examine the relationship between field dependentindependent cognitive styles of the students at the third year of secondary school for their reading comprehension skills.
According to blakely and tomlin 2008, field dependent people have a general view of things, failing to focus on minor details. Pdf field dependence and independence in english as a second. Field dependencefield independence cognitive style. Rightbrain dominated fieldindependent students fieldindependent vs. Field dependence independence and learning condition. Fieldindependence who are field independent learners. Learning characteristics of field dependent children within an analytical conceptbased curriculum catherine d. Field dependence field dependence, cognitive style, gender, career choice, geft, ambiverts, science and arts.
Rewards tend to be impersonal stickers, checkmarks on a chart, etc. Using spss commands for collapsing continuous variables into groups and participants ielts scores based on the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles, four. Children are generally field dependent, but their field independence increases as they become adults. Pdf the present study sought to explore if efl learners with different field dependencefieldindependence cognitive style are significantly. Out of the 82 field independent subjects, 54 subjects whose scores were between one standard deviation above and below the mean were chosen. With these tests, the interpretation of external versus internal orientation was shown. In contrast to field dependent where learners take a systematic approach to compile parts of material to form a larger whole, hence. There is a considerable body of knowledge that has been accumulated on cognitive style through empirical research chinien, 1990, and various cognitive style dimensions have been identified.
Pdf on nov 1, 2014, hamid marashi and others published the. Field dependent and fieldindependent cognitive styles and their educational implications h. The resulting 582 field independent fi and 707 field dependent fd students then took the 1990 version of the ielts. This dual influence may underlie the differential effects found for feedback in field dependent and independent subjects.
Field dependence independence style refers to the way individuals experience their backgrounds, either globally or analytically. Tomlin 2008, field dependent people have a general view of things, failing to focus on minor details. You tend to rely on structure and on receiving direction. In the classroom activities such as extensive reading and writing, which learners can carry out alone, are useful for fieldindependent learners. Show a rational, intrinsic appeal for the task withoutconsulting others.
Terms in this set 16 able to focus on details despite the clutter of background information. Motivated by impersonal, analytical activities that do notnecessitate a grouptype approach. Randolph, lc a study of the effects of praise, criticism and failure on the problem solving performance of field dependent and field independent individuals dissertation abstracts international 1971 32 3014b 3015b doctoral dissertation, new york university, 1971university microfilms no. Fieldindependent learners tend to rely less on the teacher or other learners for support. This study investigates relationships among conservation, field dependenceindependence, school variables, achievement, screening measures, sex and race. Field independent students had a higher mean achievement in sciences than the field dependent students while field dependent students had a higher mean achievement in arts than the.
Fielddependent and fieldindependent cognitive styles and. Chen and xiaohui liu department of information systems, mathematics and computing. Relationship between field dependence field independence. Based on these findings, appropriate recommendations were made. The field dependent learner is one who processes information globally. This learner is less analytical, not attentive to detail, and sees the perceptual field as a whole. Fielddependent people evidently differ from fieldindependent people in how. In the classroom activities that connect different parts of a lesson are useful for fielddependent learners. The field dependent and field independent cognitive styles are described in detail and a characterization of cognitive styles in general is given. The interaction between field dependent independent learning styles and learners linguality in third language acquisition mojtaba maghsudi university of mysore abstract field independent hinges on the perceptual skill of seeing the forest for the trees. Journal of research in personality, 469479 1979 learning and memory of field independent dependent individuals j. Learning characteristics of fielddependent children within an analytical conceptbased curriculum catherine d. Learning and memory of field independentdependent individuals. The interaction between field dependent independent learning styles and.
The maximum number of values allowed in a controlling field is 300. In general, field independent subjects perform better than field dependent subjects, whether assessment is of specific disciplines or across the board. Rightbrain dominated field independent students fieldindependent vs. Field dependencefield independence cognitive style, gender. Field independent learners tend to rely less on the teacher or other learners for support. Asiapacific forum on science learning and teaching, volume 16, issue 2, article 6, p. You can edit this venn diagram using creately diagramming tool and include in your reportpresentationwebsite. Typically like competition and individual recognition. Feb 21, 2015 the general objective of this study was to examine the relationship between field dependentindependent cognitive styles of the students at the third year of secondary school for their reading comprehension skills.
The interaction between field dependent independent. Witkins group embedded figures test based on the prior rod and frame test identifies field dependence and field independence. In his book cognitive styles and classroom learning, morgan 1997 noted that studies had reported that field independent students from higher education institutions tend to select areas of study associated with the sciences and field dependent students are more likely to choose fields of human services such as teaching and social work. For example, learners can discuss what they know about a topic, predict content, or look at and listen to related material. They tend to rely on themselves and their own thoughtsystem when solving problems. People with a field dependent or field independent cognitive style are different in their interpersonal behavior in ways predicted from the theory of psychological differentiation. The effects of field dependentfield independent cognitive styles and motivational styles on students conceptual understanding about direct current circuits. The differences are only a tendency, however, and there are a lot of. Adaptive teaching and field dependenceindependence. This process, over a range of given visual fields, enables the measurement of the bipolar construct field dependencefield independence. Field dependent and field independent cognitive styles and. There was a significant relationship between field dependence field independence cognitive style and career choice of the students.
Learning characteristics of fielddependent children within. You are at the airport and your contact person is not there to meet you. These people are susceptible to deceptive cues when identifying known e. Field independent people were generally more differentiated, but differentiation was a broader concept than field dependency. Understanding asian students learning styles, cultural. Field independent teachers field independent teachers are task oriented. May 18, 2007 the general characteristics of field dependent and field independent was brought out by research on the internet from an article called on being dependent or independent in computer based learning environments written by dr boris handal and dr anthony herrington. University of indonesia field dependence and field independence in learning english as a second language esl submitted as. Field independent students had a higher mean achievement in sciences than the field. It was concluded that the cognitive style of fielddependent and fieldindependent may be the source of difference in the way learners use language learning strategies. Field independent teachers encourage competition and. Field dependence one of the most studied differences between individuals is the distinction.
In addition, field dependent individuals depend on external. Field dependence independence does not consistently predict self perceptions or teaching preferences. Field dependent and field independent cognitive styles and their educational implications h. In the classroom activities such as extensive reading and writing, which learners can carry out alone, are useful for field independent learners. The relationship between field independence dependence styles. In addition, if a field is both a controlling field and dependent picklist, it. Instructors who give explicit direction, assignments, and guidelines. May 31, 20 fieldindependence who are field independent learners. Statements 1, 3, 4, 7, and 10, above indicate field independent characteristics. Fielddependent learners teachingenglish british council.
Using spss commands for collapsing continuous variables into groups and. The next step was the selection of almost homogeneous subjects. Fielddependentfieldindependent rewired for technology. Part of thebilingual, multilingual, and multicultural education commons,english language. The resulting 582 fieldindependent fi and 707 fielddependent fd students then took the 1990 version of the ielts. Pdf the difference between fielddependent versus field. Independence cognitive style on deductiveinductive.
After that time, field independence gradually decreases throughout the remainder of life, with older people tending to be more field dependent than younger people. Pdf the interaction between field dependent independent. The nelson proficiency test was given to both field independent and field dependent learners. Journal of research in personality, 469479 1979 learning and memory of field independentdependent individuals j. Frank purdue university it has been proposed that field independent and field dependent learners differ more in the processes they use than in the effectiveness of their learning or retention. Pdf field dependence and independence in english as a. Is field dependence or independence a predictor of efl. The present article discusses alternative explanations which emphasize developmental differences and differences in efficiency of performance between field independent and field. Individual styles of learning and thinking child development. Oct 10, 2014 field dependent and field independent. Kolbs learning style model, levelers vs sharpeners cognitive style. Fielddependent learners often work well in teams as they tend to be better at interpersonal relationships.
In general, people who exhibit field dependence tend to rely on information provided by the outer world, the field or frame of a situation and their cognition toward other things is based on this overall field. In the classroom activities that connect different parts of a lesson are useful for field dependent learners. This study investigates relationships among conservation, field dependence independence, school variables. The role of input flooding via extensive reading in iranian. Is field dependence or independence a predictor of efl reading performance. Field sensitive learning and field independent learning. Field independent teachers encourage competition and reward individual achievement.
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